Mongolia’s strategic but challenging geography—as a vast, sparsely populated, landlocked country bordered by China and Russia—creates high trade transaction costs that diminish its competitiveness in global markets. Recognizing that international trade is a cornerstone of Mongolia’s economy, given its abundant natural resources and significant agricultural sector, the project aims to modernize and streamline border operations. This involves rehabilitating and equipping selected border crossing points, upgrading the Customs Automated Information System, and initiating preparatory work toward establishing a single-window system for trade-related regulatory requirements. In doing so, the project seeks not only to reduce the time and cost of trade procedures but also to foster greater regional integration. As a member of the CAREC program, Mongolia’s initiative is aligned with broader regional strategies to improve connectivity and stimulate inclusive economic growth through enhanced cross-border cooperation.